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ALTITUDE supercharging of aeroplane engines by means of turbo‐blowers driven by exhaust‐gas turbines differs from ordinary charging of internal combustion engines because the process is much more accentuated. Whilst the output of stationary engines can be increased by 50 per cent, that of rail‐car engines by 80 per cent, by supercharging, an aeroplane engine, to give its full output at 12,000 m. altitude, has to be supercharged so as to give four times its output without supercharging. Thus altitude supercharging offers certain peculiarities.

A two‐pipe‐lino liquid pressure remote control system comprising a transmitter unit and a receiver unit, a pair of cylinders in each unit, pistons in the cylinders, coupling means between the pistons of each unit to produce simultaneous movement of said pistons in opposite senses, two pipe‐lines each connecting one cylinder of the transmitter unit to one cylinder of the receiver unit, stops limiting the movement of the pistons in both the transmitter and the receiver units, resilient means supporting the stops for the receiver pistons, and a reservoir, a valve adapted to at times connect each of the cylinders in said receiver unit to the reservoir, and means other than said stops to open either of said valves when the piston in the cylinder which that valve connects to the reservoir is moved beyond the position defined by its stop.

The significance of literature in nation-building in two “second generation” nations, Germany and Norway, is discussed. In both countries a specific national literature was constituted parallel to the political institutions during the latter half of the 19th century. Yet there are clear differences in political effects in the two cases. In Norway, the struggle for national independence up to 1905 entailed a significant democratization of society. Germany, in the wake of the revolution of 1848, developed into a politically authoritarian regime, fully established under Prussian leadership in 1871.

These processes are mirrored in the position of literature. In Norway, where artistic traditions were absent, the national literature was a product of the 19th century, and emerged in close connection to ongoing political debates. In Germany, the Weimar heritage had gained classical status during the 1850s. Thus, the problem was foremost that of redefining the spiritual heritage to fit the history of the German Reich.

A related difference is found in the diffusion of literature through its most important channel – the school system. Norway developed a modern, uniform school, where the nation’s new literature was accorded a central place. In Germany, a more class-based school system was cemented, and the idea of diffusing the cultural heritage to the population at large held a weak position.

Along with these institutional factors, the development of national literatures in the two countries is seen in the light of regional specificities, constellations of literary genres with high and low prestige, and the social and political position of writers.

This study aims to construct a mental health service system for middle school students in the post-COVID-19 era with the framework of Six Sigma DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control) and analyze the influencing factors of the mental health service system to study the implementation strategies of quality-oriented mental health services in middle schools.

This study was conducted in Tianjin, China, from September to November 2022, and 350 middle school students from Tianjin Public Middle School were selected as subjects. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data. In this study, the Six Sigma DMAIC method, sensitivity analysis method, exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the mental health services provided to middle school students.

Based on the Six Sigma DMAIC framework, this study indicates that the contribution rate of the mental health service process factor is the largest in the post-COVID-19 era. The mental health cultivation factor ranks second in terms of its contribution. Mental health quality and policy factors are also important in the construction of middle school students’ mental health service system. In addition, the study highlights the importance of parental involvement and social support in student mental health services during the post-COVID-19 era.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a study on middle school students’ mental health in the post-Covid-19 era has not yet been conducted. This study developed a quality-oriented mental health system and analyzed the influencing factors of mental health for middle school students based on data analysis and the Six Sigma DMAIC method.